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As we have seen the brief overview of lexicology as well as some main approaches in its study but still remained some other main issues associated with lexicology. This lesson we will deal with some lexicological problems.
1. Word-building
It is associated with prevailing morphological structure and with processes of making new words and we will study this in next chapters.
2. Semantics
Semantic is the study of meaning. Modern approaches to this issues are characterized by two different levels of study:
- Syntagmatic
- Paradigmatic
On syntagmatic level, the semantic structure of the word is analyzed in its linear relationships with the neighboring words in connected speech. On the paradigmatic level, the word is studied in its relationships with other words in the vocabulary system
3. Phraseology is the branch of lexicology specializing in word-groups which are characterized by the stability of structure and transferred meaning, example: take the bull by the horns, to see red, birds of a father, etc
4. Vocabulary of a language as a system
One further important objective of lexicological studies is the study of the vocabulary of a language as a system.
The vocabulary can be studied synchronically, that is, at a given stage of its development, or diachronically, that is in the context of the process through which it grew, developed and acquired its modern form.
The opposition of the two approaches accepted in modern linguistics is nevertheless disputable as the vocabulary, as well as the word, which is its fundamental unit, it is not only what it is now, at this particular stage of the language’s development, but also, what it was centuries ago and has been throughout its history./.